Two broad categories in which SEO can be divided are...

White Hat SEO and Black Hat SEO are the main two categories in which SEO can be broadly divided into.

White Hat SEO

White Hat SEO refers to the usage of SEO strategies, techniques and tactics that focus on creating contents for human users, not for search engines. It completely follows search engine rules and policies. Some examples of White Hat SEO techniques are: using keywords and keyword analysis, backlinking, link building to improve link popularity. White Hat Strategies Relevant content Well-labeled images Relevant links and references Complete sentences with good spelling and grammer. Standards-compliant HTML Unique and relevant page titles

Black Hat SEO

Black Hat SEO refers to the usage of aggressive SEO strategies, techniques and tactics that focus only on search engines and not a human user. It usually does not comply with the search engines rules and policies. Some examples of Black Hat SEO techniques are: keyword stuffing, invisible text and doorway pages. Black Hat Strategies Duplicate Content Invisible text and stuffed keywords Cloaking or re-directing the user to another site or page Links from sites with non-relevant keywords

Some Basic Terms of SEO

Some general terms I want to share with you readers are:-

1. Backlink: It is a hyperlink pointing towards our website but must be present on some other website.
2. PageRank: PageRank is an algorithm which google uses to measure relative importance of pages on the web.
3. SERP: It stands for search engine rank pages. It is the page which comes before us when we make a keyword search in the Google.com or any other search engine. 
4. Crawling: Crawling basically means traversing the links of your website deeper and deeper into your website. Whenever a new website is launched Google crawler named as Google Bot comes on the homepage and follows link by links deeper in to the website for crawling purpose.
5. Indexing: After the crawling in done search results are put into the database of the Google this process is called as Indexing. 
6. Web Crawler: It is also called spider, google bot or wanderer. It is a computer program that browses the web on behalf of search engines, trying to discover new links and new pages.
7. PPC: PPC stands for Pay-Per-Click, it is a practice used in In-organic SEO where paid search engine advertising campaigns are launched by SEO's and they get revenue from each click their ad receives.
8. Anchor Text: The text which is clickable on a hyperlink on the webpage is called as anchor text.
9. Keyword Density: Keyword Density is found out by dividing the total no. of times the keyword is used to total no. of words in the webpage.
10. Keywords: Keywords are the words or phrases a user enters into a seach engine while searching. It is a very important thing as campaigns are optimized around specific keywords.
11. Bounce Rate: It is a analytics term and refers to visitors only visiting on a single page of website and then going away.
12. Reciprocal Link: It's a link exchange technique in which link of our site is put on some other website and in exchange we put link of that website in our website.
13. Domain Authority: Domain authority is basically the power or strength of a domain in the eyes of Google the most powerful search engine in the world. Domain authority depends on three factors age, no. of backlinks and authority of the backlinks.

Understanding Search Engine Optimization

Search Engine Optimization is a process of ranking your web pages in major search engines like Google.com,Yahoo.com and Bing.com. This will increase the visibility of your web page on the internet and thus will attract more visitors coming on your web page. 
                                   If we are selling a brand and want to increase the sale of our product then its very essential that our website must appear on the first page of SERPs of major search engines. This is because most visits occur mainly on 1st and 2nd pages of SERPs.
            In simple terms we can also say that Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the rank of a Website or a Web page in search engines. The Websites with a high page rank appear more frequently in the search results. This will result in more traffic to the particular page.